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and instigated the church's attack against the Cathari

Lucius III — (Ubaldo Allucingoli) died 1185, Italian ecclesiastic: pope 1181 85. * * * ▪ pope original name Ubaldo Allucingoli born 1097?, Lucca, Tuscany died Nov. 25, 1185, Verona pope from 1181 to 1185. A Cistercian monk whom Pope Innocent II… … Universalium
France — /frans, frahns/; Fr. /frddahonns/, n. 1. Anatole /ann nann tawl /, (Jacques Anatole Thibault), 1844 1924, French novelist and essayist: Nobel prize 1921. 2. a republic in W Europe. 58,470,421; 212,736 sq. mi. (550,985 sq. km). Cap.: Paris. 3.… … Universalium
Austria — Austrian, adj., n. /aw stree euh/, n. a republic in central Europe. 8,054,078; 32,381 sq. mi. (83,865 sq. km). Cap.: Vienna. German, Österreich. * * * Austria Introduction Austria Background: Once the center of power for the large Austro… … Universalium
MAIMONIDEAN CONTROVERSY — MAIMONIDEAN CONTROVERSY, a vast complex of disputed cultural, religious, and social problems, focusing around several central themes. Some of the elements of this controversy considerably antedate maimonides (1135–1204); and of the questions… … Encyclopedia of Judaism